Saturday, November 3, 2012

(5) Working as land surveyor.

I was released from the Air Force in December 1957. I was 21, with precious little wisdom, my spirit was bruised by the brutality and debilitations inflicted by the Czechoslovak People’s Army and did not know what to do. After Christmas I presented myself at the state–run Labour Exchange Office that resided in a side lane at the beginning of Vajnorská ulica. Given a piece of paper with pencil-scribbled address I walked to an office of land surveyors in the basement of a magistrate building at the top end of Gottwald Place, as it was known then. I presented myself to a comrade Blažíček, who was the manager. The office belonged to the District Institute of Survey and Geodesy, with the Slovakian headquarters opposite the nearby Primaciálny palác. I was hired on the spot by the comrade B. and given the title of Trainee Surveyor Technician. Apart from the comrade B. there was in the office one much older, dark-haired fellow, but he was constantly somewhere else, and I saw him but seldom.

On occasions we had Czech speaking visitors from the capital Prague. And there was Mr. Gustl Macher: about 60 years old, from the well-known local family who resided around Gottwald Place; I’ll return to him a little later.

Details of the initial training (all two days of it) escape my memory now. Probably they consisted of familiarisation with the type of maps used, and with various methods of comparing features in the field with those on maps. The maps we had were fairly old, some of them printed in the reign of Kaiser Franz Joseph, that is before year 1918.

During years around 1957 in Czechoslovakia ran the so-called Economic-Technical Adjustment of Land campaign, abbreviated (in Czech) HTÚP. First step of that campaign was to compare the maps with the actual situation. A few days after I started I was given my “hunting ground”. The borders were as follows: Malinovského ulica (nowadays Šancová, I think), Račianska ulica, Pekná cesta up to the red tourist track, red tourist track up to the restaurant Železná studnička, down to the Červený most, along the railway line, Pražská ulica back to Malinovského ulica – all up an area of about 5 x 5 kilometres. It consisted of about 10% of urban sprawl, 20-30% vineyards and agricultural land, and the rest was a hilly and mostly forested national park with some tourist and military objects in it.

Observation on the relationship between the Czechs and Slovakians at the time.

A little later, at a seminar for Air Traffic Controllers, I was sitting at the same table with a few colleagues from Prague. One of them, by coincidence, left the army service at the same year and month as myself, and, to my surprise, started his working life in the same job as me, as a land surveyor. Naturally, I asked him about the Economic-Technical Adjustment of Land campaign – he never heard of it! It transpired that from Prague headquarters a large group of land surveyors was posted in Albania, and he was part of it. In those days the posting abroad was highly paid and a coveted thing. In Slovakia we have never heard of it!

A year or two later my then girlfriend received permission for a tourist trip to Belgium and France. I took her to the train station in Bratislava, where she joined a group of four tourists from the whole of Slovakia, who were waiting for the same train coming from Prague. When the train arrived – it was full of tourists from Prague! In Slovakia, in those days, it was near impossible to gain permission to travel abroad (except to the so-called socialist states). I myself, on one occasion, applied for permission to travel to Yugoslavia, and was denied for “shortage of foreign currency”. I am mentioning all this as a few of the “little things” that eventually caused the break-up of the otherwise fairly sensible commonwealth of Czechs and Slovakians.

As a newly-minted land surveyor, I set out for my first surveying mission to the vicinity of where I lived at the time (Račianska ulica, near Krasňany, opposite the pub “U Dudáša”, for those with the longer memory). I was accompanied by Mr. Gustl Macher, and in the pursuit of our mission we both carried permits enabling us to enter any block of land. The area I lived in was abutting large vineyards, all of them with names in German language. Behind our house was an area called Hohenau; a bit higher uphills, next to the road called Schienweg, there were Salty vineyards, Salzen in German. Other names from the area that I remember were Pfalzen (there is student dormitory Mladá garda today), Vogelsang (near Sliačska cesta), Oily vineyards (between the old Jewish (?) cemetery and Légiodomy), etc. I wish I could read a book about the history of these places…

The blocks of land around my house were largely in order, and our maps were true to the reality: what on the map was, say, a building block, had indeed a house standing on it. Traipsing from block to block became boring after a while, and Gustl promised to tell me a secret. He took me to one old timber hut in the middle of a vineyard only a few hundred metres from my house, above Gaštanový hájik, and with a dramatic gesture announced: “Old Mr. Falb - in this hut - hanged himself!”. It came to me as a shock, for as a child I used to play in and around that hut. He told me the whole story, from which I remember only that behind all that was some beautiful girl of old. Afterwards I avoided that hut whenever I happened to be in the vicinity, until it fell apart and disappeared.

The Gaštanový hájik (Chestnut grove) disappeared, too. Partly it was eaten from the Bratislava end by the short-lived penal settlement, and later by the Agricultural Cooperative that in the mid-1950s built their administration and machinery sheds smack in the middle of it. Nowadays, in its place, there are small factories and administration buildings.

What was it, this Gaštanový hájik? It was a piece of land, about one kilometre long and some 200-300 metres wide, sprawled between Račianska ulica and vineyards, and starting east of the Biely kríž colony of houses. It was full of mature chestnut trees. It was largely neglected, except for a few little gardens on its northern edge, from whence I could hear Czech language on occasions. It was not fenced, and we used to come and gather chestnuts fallen on the ground. It was occasionally guarded by a uniformed person with a shot gun (mad dog Franc, and later mild-mannered Cintula). Long after the grove disappeared the tram stop next to the railway bridge used to carry its name – not any longer, I guess…

GUSTL.

I became fond of the old fella. He was not much to look at. Middle-to-short of stature, slim, about 60, suffering from asthma, a bachelor. When young he lived in a flat at Jozefská ulica, and whenever we were in the vicinity, he always remarked on the good times he had with his girlfriends there. His language was pure “prešpurák”, that is Slovakian, mixed with German and Hungarian expressions, all with a heavy “Viennese” accent.

His knowledge of vineyards seemed to be encyclopaedical. Not only he knew the names of all the districts and individual allotments, he did not hesitate to point at discrepancies between our maps and what he knew; he knew the names of the owners, their family relations and problems; he knew when and how the owners built various implements and structures; he knew grape varieties and whether they were suitable for the given location; he knew what kind of wine was made from grapes in various areas, and whether they were profitable to the owners or not. I started making notes from all his remarks, and I had a few exercise books scribbled full, sometimes legibly, sometime not, depending on the weather – it’s difficult to write with your mittens on, for example. I was dreaming of writing a book, but it never happened, the notes have evaporated and all that is left in my memory are these few shards here…

His stories included annual visits of women from the nearby Morava region. The seasonal work in vineyards in Slovakia starts a few weeks before those in Morava, and the women used to come to earn some extra money. Gustl became rather excited whenever he broached the subject, for the women from Morava were highly valued by the local men (less so by the local women). On occasions Gustl would point to me cabins in the vineyards where the local winemaker would hide with his favourite “Moravka”. I do not remember if he ever mentioned similar situation concerning Slovakian women in Morava…

Back to work: the results of our expeditions were pencilled in maps, and those were taken back to the office to be processed. The most important data were those where the usage of land was different from what was indicated in the maps. For example, when a block of land marked as “building” in reality had a vineyard, or an orchard on it. Another important item of consideration was difference in size or shape. In that case we had to determine one corner of the block in relation to the nearest “triangulation point”. Those points, spaced a few hundred metres apart, could be found everywhere, and were marked either by a cross on top of a milestone, or a steel nail in the pavement, and perhaps others. The distance of one corner of the block in question from such a point had to be measured as exactly as possible. From that corner we then continued measuring the sides of the block, back to the origin. The abutting blocks had to be also determined in relation to the nearest “triangulation point”. The method was not strictly scientific, but sufficient for the task on hand.

The data gathered in the field were processed back in the office. Final result of each such day was a map with highlights of changes, and a list of blocks of land processed, total area of the blocks, and total area of various usages, such as urban, agricultural, factories, military objects, etc. Gustl was suffering from boredom during such mundane operations, until I invented some amusement for him: his job was to dictate to me the data from bits of paper, while I was operating an ancient mechanical adding machine. The keys were hard to press, and my fingers were getting cramps after a few hours of such work; after every number a huge lever on the side had to be pulled, from which action I was suffering from tennis elbow. And Gustl had the habit of slipping into the local German-Hungarian lingo… We would start with Gustl intoning his formula “o.k., now!: three hundred-twenty-five”. I pressed to appropriate keys, pulled the lever, and waited for the next number: Two hundred-fifty-eight. 2-5-8, lever. Four hundred-seven-twenty. 4-7-2….. Ooooops, Gustl! Stop speaking the lingo, please!!! The order of number intoned was in German fashion; it was difficult to cross the incorrect number off, and the number had to be subtracted at the end of the session. “Sorry, Charles, o.k. now: four hundred-twenty-seven!” 4-2-7, lever… Gustl. Gustl!!! “What, what??” “Stop squinting into the newspaper, please!!!” “Sorry, Charles, o.k. now…”

There were days we had to stay in the office, especially in winter, due to inclement weather. We were dressed in our own clothes, wore our own shoes, with no compensation for wear and tear. For travel we used public transport, and fares were redeemed by Mr. B. upon presentation of our tickets. And our wages were miserable! I, as a “trainee”, was receiving about 700 Czechoslovak crowns a month, with average wages in those days being about twice as much. Gustl was a full time “assistant surveyor” with kingly wages of about 1200 Cz. Crowns per month. I was beside myself with envy!!! For consolation he treated me on occasions to a cup of tea laced with rum, or a bowl of tripe soup at the butcher’s shop on the top end of Štefánikova ulica.

Our attempts to enter the large military areas in our hunting ground are worth mentioning. We presented our Permits to Enter to the sentries and waited. The sentry’s superior would turn up, usually a sergeant, and tried to shoo us away. We had Permits and refused to go! An officer would turn up and tried to sweet-talk us away – to no avail, again. Eventually, following a telephone call somewhere to the military stratosphere, the Gate was open, and we allowed in. That instant, all interest in our presence disappeared, and we were free to roam. Alas, we never found anything that merited correction in our maps; once a military object – always a military object. We were not allowed to enter building, above- or under-ground, and thus the top secrets of the Czechoslovak People’s Army remained undisturbed.

Sometimes I was dispatched by comrade B. to deliver documents to the local head office. It was on the top floor of a building opposite Primaciálny palác. It was governed by a man with Russian surname, Tretyakoff, Ustinoff, or such. He used to yell, and in summertime, when their windows were open, I could hear his voice as far as the tržnica (market-place).

A SMALL DETOUR.

Behaviour of people we asked for permission to enter their properties was interesting to observe. The action had been lavishly described and praised in the media, so the people were generally not unaware of our mission. After cursory inspection of our cards, we were more-or-less reluctantly allowed to enter. Many enquired about the details of our mission, and often offered a glass of wine or some refreshments. Quite a few times we were sumptuously wined and dined. Once, in a villa belonging to an erstwhile clothing magnate Nehera, a few scantily-clad girls were offering us some imprecisely described pleasures, but the two of us bolted and slammed the door behind us – Gustl was a bachelor, remember!? On occasions we were asked for a minor “adjustment” of data collected. For example, if somebody had an orchard on a block of land designated for building purposes. Often, sums of money were offered to us, or some valuables, for such “adjustment”, which I declined to accept, even if the monetary values of such offers were often far in excess of my monthly wages. I was admonished by Gustl for acting foolishly, for it could represent handsome side earnings. I suspected even then (and Gustl knew 100%), that the entire action was a ruse to get as much money from the population as possible. We lived in the so-called socialism…

Our household was a typical example of its effects. After grandfather’s retirement we lived in a house, and some 300 metres from it we had access to part of the grandfather’s old land, some 30x60 metres of it, bordering with a fishpond. In the garden we grew everything we could think of: potatoes, corn, fruit, vegetables, all according to the season and diligence. Around the house we had every year a pair of pigs, chooks, ducks, rabbits, on occasion even a goose or two. Grandfather even managed to catch a wild hare, and from the fishpond we had a nice pike from time to time: as to the basic foodstuff we were completely self-sufficient. It lasted until about 1950, when the “socialism” erupted in full force! Various methods were used to discourage the population from – being self-sufficient. Various taxes appeared, whether in money or in kind, so much so that people gave up keeping animals, gave up cultivating their gardens.

The were regular inspections of backyards. Inspectors counted the number of animals, measured the vegetable plots, intimidated. People were encouraged to buy foodstuffs in state-run shops. These shops were poorly managed, the produce sold was of poor quality, often not available, and there were periodical shortages of various items: there were meat-less times, times without onions, garlic, butter, fruit, clothing, shoes, white-goods, etc., etc. Our family, until then self-sufficient in food, even during the war, started to tighten its belts. At the same time, the backyards, gardens, fields, began to go to waste, overgrown with weeds. At the edge of railway embankment, where Mrs. Lang used to graze her goat, was grass and weeds waist deep; the weeds were growing on the edges of roads, in the ditches, where people used to cut the grass to feed their animals. Resultingly, spring rains water was overflowing, flooding front gardens and the roads. The backyards ceased to be noisy: where previously oink-oink of the pigs was heard, quacking of the ducks and cock-a-doodling of roosters, it all became quiet. The countryside was turning to wilderness, too. The land in the hands of newly created agricultural cooperatives was cultivated in a higledy-pigledy fashion. Often a tractor or some piece of agricultural machinery could be seen all winter in the middle of the fields – it was left where it stopped due to some technical problem, or simply ran out of fuel. General demeanour of people became cloudy and angry. Those who could used to bring home from work various items: pieces of meat, flour, a length of steel pipe, a handful of nails (myself later, when working in a chemical factory, used to bring home pockets full of fertiliser). One of our neighbours used to make front gates for sale from pieces of metal brought home under his coat – used to make, that is, until imprisoned for stealing from “national property”…

To improve the buying power of the people the government in 1953 introduced so-called monetary reform. That reform actually started a few years earlier, when personal savings were frozen, life insurances confiscated, and private companies “nationalised”, i.e. also confiscated. In 1953 was the robbery of the nation finalised by creation of new banknotes, exchanged for the existing money in increasingly usurious rates: for your “old” money, up to, I think, 500 crowns, you were given one new crown for every five; higher sums were exchanged in increasingly unfavourable ratios, such as 1:50, 1:500, etc. The prices in shops (controlled by the state) remained unchanged. Thus, progressively, the population lost everything, property, savings, life insurances, and finally, the buying power.

Later, when the treasury found itself short of cash again, the government declared various actions to mop up the remainder of money: money collected ostensibly to help the Vietnam people, help to the fraternal North Korea, helping African countries. The tribunes during various state celebrations (attendances compulsory!) were full of various beggars, and I saw with my own eyes Kwame N’krumah, Sékou Touré, Ho Chi Minh, Indira Gándhi, Osvaldo Dorticos Torrado, Todor Zhivkov, Tito and his wife-tsarina (judging by the way she dressed), various high-ranked Russians, etc., etc. My (at the time future) wife shook hands with no other than Leonid Brezhnev on one such occasion! And when all the collections turned out to be insufficient the government decreed illegal the ownership of all precious metals, wedding rings excepted. When we were getting married my fiancée produced and old family brooch, we had to give the jeweller to make our rings from. Where she found the brooch, I did not inquire, it was illegal to own, and, by law, I should have reported her to the authorities – such instances were not uncommon at the time! One of the last such actions was Alweg, around 1967. Money was collected to build “hanging” railway from Poprad to High Tatra Mountains: it hasn’t been built to this day (1999)! And what happened to our money in the fraternal North Korea, and all the friendly African countries? Well, it’s all there for all to see to this very day…

It has been said before by wise people, but it is important for it to be repeated, over and over: most individuals know how to handle their property. They know to select the right one from the myriads of wisdoms at their disposal, know how to use land at their disposal, know how to save their money, know how to support the new trends, know-how, and also which beggar to support (and which not). In socialist system all these activities are taken by force from the individuals, and all these activities are performed by the government. The government, however, is not formed by the people skilled in the aforementioned activities: the government is formed by people skilled in displaying adherence to the government (which, in the end, leads to political claustrophobia). Resultingly, various "wisdoms" are accepted without scrutiny; ignorance of land husbandry is mind-boggling; money is thrown into the political winds of the day; innovations are suppressed out of ignorance and misguided caution; beggars (by which I mean various foreign governments and organisations) are supported generously and indiscriminately… And when the riches of all kinds plundered from individuals finally run out - the socialism falls apart, leaving behind impoverished and bewildered mass of people (ready for manipulation and exploitation by the opportunists)!

SOCIETY.
    The old neighbourhood customs also slowly vanished, like exchanging meats during pigs slaughtering seasons.

Every autumn, with incoming of first frosts, came the pig slaughtering season. It was organised differently from house to house, usually by inviting the local butcher to kill and cut the animal to manageable pieces. In our house it was done by us. Only once we invited the local butcher, who shot the pig in the forehead with a special “pig” pistol. The pig bolted and started running all around the backyard, until four of us managed to catch and kill it by using the time-honoured method, with knife in the heart. Grandmother had vessels ready to catch the blood, after which ritual the carcass was lowered into a big though full of boiling water in order to wash it and allow the hair to soften. After a while the carcass was rolled onto old hessian bags and shaved with ordinary kitchen spoons. The whole family, up to seven of us, was busy for two days. My job a few times consisted of washing the intestines, both small and large; the clean intestines were used to make sausages of various sizes. Pieces of meat and fat were constantly being cooked or roasted, and every few hours a big eating and drinking feast was taking place. And every now and the grandmother handed to me a plate heaped with pieces of whatever was just cooked, covered in ornamental cloth, and dispatched me to various neighbours with donation: “Don’t forget to say a nice hello, and wish them all the best from us!”, was her send-off on each such occasion… 

JANO.

A few months after I started my land surveying carrier a new man came into our office. His name was Jano, and I forgot his surname. Handsome looking, lively and intelligent young man. He had a beautiful mum, and his stepfather worked as a “political officer” in the same building. What was the role of “political officer”? It was a function parallel with the personnel manager, with the task of evaluating employees from the political angle. I was aware of such an officer from the army, and also from the university. These “political officers” were usually men with very little education, of “proletariat origins”, with rough and oppressive manners.

I had to see this political officer in order to get permission to apply for aeroclub membership. I was member of an aeroclub in nearby Nitra, where I studied for two years at the Agricultural University, and, living in Bratislava I simply wanted to transfer my membership to the local aeroclub. The “Proletariat Member” has never met anyone from aeroclub, and his evaluation took two or three days. Eventually I was called into his office for an interview. We were going through my application item by item – Christian name, surname, date of birth – until we ambled to my father: proofreader! What is that, asked the Member. “Well, he corrects mistakes in books, magazines, papers, etc.”. “And does he sit in an office?”. “Well, yes, he does.” “Soooo, he is a clerk! In that case, the permission to join an aeroclub shall be denied!”, was the Member’s triumphal verdict…

According to communist theories, the clerks were the lowest and officially despised part of the society, almost akin to the “remnants of the rotting capitalists”, i. e. shopkeepers, factory owners, car service station owners, etc. And thus, there appeared on my application form a big blot – unsurmountable blot. Fortunately, I had Jano sitting next to me, and, apparently, he did not like his stepfather all that much. “What?”, exclaimed Jano, when appraised of my travails. “What? That swine is refusing to sign your application? And what is he? He also sits in an office! He himself is a clerk as well!!!

I went to see the “Member” again. “Whadayawant?”, he looked at me with his eyes clearly showing his contempt with a scion of the remnants of rotting capitalists. “Comrade xx, I just want to know if your Jano could become a member of an aeroclub?” “WHAT? What did you hammer into his head?” “I did no such thing. I just want to know if he could…” “Of course, I see no obstacle there”, was the answer. “Why do you ask?” “Well, he is your stepson. You also sit in the office, you are a clerk, same as my father…”

I don’t remember his reaction to this supremely reactionary statement. Most likely I was kicked out of his office, with an additional blot on my application. A few weeks later, however, I was called to his office, where my application was handed to me – flatteringly referred and signed! A bit later Jano intimated that he told his mum about me. In my stupidity at the time, I did not think of all the combinations, and did not show my gratitude. So, belatedly: a big thank you, Jano (and your mum)!

 The ending of this story does not belong to this overall narrative, but I would be amiss not to include it.

Jano once intimated to me that his mum is friendly with a swarthy member of the “nomenclatura” (a member of the highest class in the communist society, usually high-ranking member of the communist party, or the state security service, largely the same organisation). A couple of years later, when working in a chemical factory, I heard that the managing director at the time (and a member of the Slovakian parliament as well), comrade Krahulec, swarthy, with black beetles’ eyebrows, is very friendly with a married woman, who lived on Krížna ulica (and Jano lived on the same street!). Oh, yes, Jano, I thought at the time… And another couple years later a small announcement appeared in the local paper that “comrade Krahulec, managing director, member of Parliament, etc., was brutally murdered on Krížna ulica…”.

Note: comrade Krahulec is mentioned in the chapter Dynamitka as well.

NOW THEN…

When we encountered some chaos in our blocks of land, if, for instance data in our maps were out of alignment with what we found in the field, we had to go to the Land Office. That institution resided in the Justičný palace (Palace of the Justice), somewhere in its right wing as viewed from the street. After a few visits we were known to the clerks and received a free run of the rooms. Gustl loved such visits! He would select one of the huge hand-written books, secluded himself in a corner and murmured the names for himself as they came into his view while flicking the pages. Sometimes he expressed agreement with what he saw in the pages, sometimes he argued (in German; swearing, however, was always in Hungarian) that “that corner did not belong to him it belonged to (say) Pohančeník”, or “that vineyard is smaller than what is written here”, and similar shibboleths. With my business I was usually done in 20 minutes, and the rest of time I used to wander around the Palace. At the time there was a court case in full swing, the accused were members of POHG, a semi-military organization during the WW2. A few times I saw miserable looking men (Bunta, Koleno – these names remained stuck in my memory), freshly shaven, in ill-fitting clothes, being led to the courtroom. Many years later I met one of my wife’s school-mate, a beautiful girl, a daughter of one of those men – a spitting image of him, as I remembered him.

My task was nearing the end. In little more than one year we roamed all the blocks of land in our allocated area, added up everything, pencilled all the changes in the maps, and one day comrade B. announced that from next week I would be transferred to Moravské Lieskové, a village some 100km east. Sure enough next week I was reporting in the nearby Nové Mesto nad Váhom in the local Land Surveying Office to the engineer Trebatický. The same afternoon I was in the bus to Moravské Lieskové. I was put up in the house belonging to Kusenda family, in a nice room at the end of long village-type house. Next day I was working in the local office. The work was the same as in Bratislava, except the rural blocks were a bit larger. The village itself was being processed by a local comrade (Jánošík by name, I think), my job was around the rather hilly fields. The blocks of land were poorly marked, and the fixed points, from which I had to establish the distances, were often kilometres away. At my disposal was but 25 metres long tape measure, I had no assistant, and a kilometre distance, often across hilly pastures, of creek gullies, took 2 or 3 hours. Accuracy? Plus a flock of curious cows or sheep I had to navigate around… At first, I was enthusiastic about doing my job properly (once I even fell into a creek called Klanečnica). Toward the end my enthusiasm faded, I ticked off whatever I saw on the map, occasionally invented a change as a testimony to my diligence, and a few weeks later I was done and was sent home to Bratislava by the comrade engineer. My salary was still but 700 crowns per month. I was thinking of going back to university, but my “clerical” background was against me, and I was told to get some factory experience. I applied for a job in the nearby chemical factory called Chemické Závody Juraja Dimitrova: I became a labourer in one fertiliser unit with a kingly salary of around 1500 crowns per month.

That was the end of my land surveying carrier. I do not remember how we parted ways with Gustl. After many years I discovered that he died but a year later, in August 1960, barely 62. O. k. now, Gustl: may your winemaking heaven be kind to you, und auf wiederschau’n…

EPITHAPH.

After good many years I was privileged to meet one pretty and lively lady, who every now and then complained about her husband, as it were. He was over 70, and I felt he was suffering from some mild form of senility. The debate with him consisted of listening to his speeches, for he liked to talk: mostly about his sore knee, pins and needles in his back, the doctors can’t figure out the right medicines, well, it’s downright horrible, Mr. Hatvani!

Somehow, I managed to coax from him something about his work. It turned out that in the times of “socialism” he was some sort of big cheese at a Central Planning Ministry (“we were good mates with Václav, that is Klaus (later Czech President))”, he allowed himself to drop an aside, with a tiny sly smile). In between his knee speeches I managed to say the word HTÚP. He sprung to life: “What, what did you say?” “I said HTÚP”, quoth I. "Oh, my, I had a lot to do with that", he intoned. Such an enormously successful action it was! Usage of the land in entire country was absolutely precisely accounted for! How many valuable bits of knowledge were compiled for us, to better and more effectively plot the way forward in the national economy, etc., etc. I stopped listening to his coloratura, and started thinking about our cavalier way with the numbers; our typing errors; various rewards offered to us, which the wiser from me no doubt accepted; and about the sewage the entire national economy ended up in when the stolen and mis-handled money ran out, the sewage this man and “nomenklatura” like him had no idea about until they were pushed from their pedestal – and many of them, like this one, remained ignorant until this day.

Thank you for attention, and bowing to the past – goodbye, and let’s hope you shall remain there forever, "comrades"!


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